FREE — INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Get interview-ready with 300+ Physical Design interview questions

Floorplan to sign-off — the questions that separate candidates who've read about PD from those who've actually closed a design.

PHYSICAL DESIGN INTERVIEW QUESTIONS EBOOK

Get the full Physical Design question bank

300+ carefully curated questions with detailed explanations, in one downloadable ebook.

SECURE CHECKOUT · INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD · LIFETIME ACCESS
Get instant access

Physical Design interviews go deep on the stages between a synthesized netlist and manufacturable silicon: floorplanning, placement, clock tree synthesis, routing, and the sign-off checks that catch problems before tapeout.

Interviewers often probe judgment here — not just definitions, but how you'd actually debug a congestion or timing problem in a real design.

BROWSE BY TOPIC

Physical Design interview questions by subtopic

Floorplanning

Setting up the chip's physical structure before detailed implementation.

  • What factors determine the aspect ratio and utilization target for a floorplan?
  • What is macro placement, and why does it happen early in floorplanning?

Placement

Positioning standard cells to balance timing, congestion, and power.

  • What's the difference between global placement and detailed placement?
  • How does placement affect downstream routing congestion?

Clock Tree Synthesis

Distributing the clock signal with minimal skew and latency.

  • Why is CTS done after placement but before final routing?
  • What is clock skew, and how does CTS try to minimize it?

Routing

Connecting placed cells with actual metal wires.

  • What's the difference between global routing and detailed routing?
  • What causes routing congestion, and how can it be resolved?

Timing Closure & STA in PD

Making sure the physical implementation still meets timing.

  • What are the different timing corners you'd analyze during sign-off?
  • What is a false path, and how do you handle it in constraints?

Power Planning

Delivering clean power across the whole die.

  • What is a power grid, and why is IR drop a concern in power planning?
  • What's the difference between a power ring and power straps?

Sign-off Checks

The final gate before a design goes to fabrication.

  • What checks are typically run before tapeout sign-off (DRC, LVS, timing, power)?
  • What is the antenna effect, and how is it fixed?

Physical Verification

Confirming the layout matches the design intent.

  • What's the difference between DRC and LVS?
  • What is ERC, and what kinds of issues does it catch?

Want to be tested on these live?

Book a 1:1 mock interview with a mentor working in this exact domain.

Book a mock interview